Auxiliary data transmitted within a display&#39;s serialized data stream

ABSTRACT

Techniques to transmit auxiliary data are disclosed. One technique includes generating a control signal from a video data enable signal and an auxiliary data enable signal, and combining an auxiliary data signal and a video data signal into a composite data signal using the control signal. Techniques to receive the auxiliary data are also disclosed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention is related generally to the field of signal processing,and in particular to the field of image signal processing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A display is a device that processes data received from a computerprocessor and outputs a visual display of the data onto a displayscreen. In a conventional computer system, a video signal is transmittedfrom the computer processor to the display using a video link, such as acable. Other data, such as audio signals for example, are transmittedfrom the computer processor across a separate audio link to the displayor to an audio peripheral device such as a speaker.

A computer processor outputs video data across the video link in a videodata format. The processor also outputs audio data across the audio linkin an audio data format. Thus, conventional computer systems requiremultiple cables to enable the computer processor to transmit video andaudio signals to the display and audio devices. Similarly, additionalwires or cables are required to send additional types of data from thecomputer processor to the display device using conventional approaches.For example, these additional types of data may be brightness control,contrast control, or control of a microprocessor within the displaydevice, and may each require a separate cable.

Another way to send additional data over a video link is to send thedata during the video blanking period using a control signal, such asthe Hsync signal, to identify the blanking period. However, one lead isneeded to transmit the video and additional data to the receiver, and aseparate lead is needed to transmit the sync signal from the transmitterto the receiver.

This sending of additional data over a video link using a control signalassumes a constant waveform, e.g., the number of pulses within eachperiod and the polarity of the waveform during each period are the same.However, this seemingly periodic and predictable control signal can loseits periodicity and predictability for various reasons, such astransmission errors or design characteristics. For example, if theadditional data is sent assuming that the sync signal will rise at timeT but then the sync signal rises at time T−1, the receiver willmistakenly expect that up to the time T the received data is additionaldata and not video data. Also, in some video scrambling methods, thesync signals may be scrambled such that the behavior of these signalsbecomes unpredictable. Such unpredictable sync signals can degrade thesecurity of a video transmission or they can degrade the signalintegrity of the video transmission itself if the sync signals are usedto identify the blanking period.

Furthermore, using a sync signal to identify the blanking period failswhen the video link is erratic—in other words, a non-regular ornon-standard video mode. In an erratic mode, the blanking period doesnot occur at regular, periodic intervals. For example, a system thatencodes only one pulse of Vsync cannot support a double layer supertwistnematic (DSTN) display because a DSTN display could require two Vsyncpulses in a single Vsync blanking period.

Additional problems exist in conventional approaches of sendingadditional data from a computer to a peripheral such as a displaydevice. For example, if the additional data is control data, such asbrightness control for example, this type of data should be relativelyerror-free so that it can be correctly processed by the receiver.However, in the context of video signals, a conventional control signaltransmission channel does not provide the bandwidth to transmit theerror status of the additional data as fast as the video channel.Therefore, if the video channel transmits video signals at rates of25–165 Mega-Hertz (MHz), but the control signal channel transmits theadditional signals and error status signals at a maximum rate of 0.4MHz, the receiver will not be able to detect errors in a timely fashion.Also, the transmission of additional data can be limited by theperformance of the receiver, which would have to monitor the additionalchannel link to detect the error codes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Techniques to transmit auxiliary data are disclosed. One techniqueincludes generating a control signal from a video data enable signal andan auxiliary data enable signal, and combining an auxiliary data signaland a video data signal into a composite data signal using the controlsignal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example and notlimitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which likereferences indicate similar elements, and in which:

FIGS. 1A and 1B each show a block diagram of one embodiment of atransmitter to transmit auxiliary data on a transition minimizeddifferential signal (TMDS) data stream.

FIG. 2 shows examples of signals, including auxiliary data signals, thatmay be transmitted on a TMDS data stream.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of signals that may be transmitted on aTMDS data stream.

FIGS. 4A and 4B each show a block diagram of one embodiment of areceiver to receive a composite data signal including auxiliary data ona TMDS data stream.

FIG. 5 shows examples of data signals including auxiliary data signalsthat may be received on a TMDS data stream.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a receiver that includes buffers to enablethe receiver to distinguish video data from auxiliary data.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a transmitter that allows retiming of theauxiliary data.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a receiver that allows retiming of theauxiliary data.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of an auxiliary data packet.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a process for receiving and processingauxiliary data.

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of a process for receiving andprocessing auxiliary data.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Transmitting auxiliary data within a display's serialized data stream isdisclosed. This transmitting can include generating a control signalfrom a video data enable signal and an auxiliary data enable signal, andcombining an auxiliary data signal and a video data signal into acomposite data signal using the control signal is disclosed. In oneembodiment, the transmitting may utilize a digital video interface (DVI)cable, which carries a video data signal, to carry the composite datasignal. Thus, the auxiliary data may be sent from a transmitter to areceiver, such as a display, on the DVI link without affecting the videosignal.

The method of transmitting may be compatible with existing receivers,yet open a supplemental channel on a single link for auxiliary data tobe sent to the receivers. For example, the DVI link can be used withtransition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) to enable high-speedvideo data and video data control signals to be transmitted across aserialized interface without the need for separate wires for the videodata control signals. The video data control signals may include dataenable (DE), horizontal sync (Hsync), or vertical sync (Vsync) signals,and can be encoded along with the video data into one signal that istransmitted to the receiver on the DVI link. Additional auxiliary datamay also be transmitted to the receiver using the signal, or datastream, transmitted across the DVI link. By transmitting auxiliary datausing the same DVI link as the encoded TMDS data stream, the interfacebetween the transmitter and receiver does not require additional cablesor connectors for sending the auxiliary data, which simplifies andreduces the cost of the interface over conventional interfaces thatrequire a separate cable to transmit auxiliary data from the transmitterto the receiver.

FIG. 1A shows a block diagram of one embodiment of a transmitter 100 totransmit auxiliary data on a TMDS data stream. Video data source 110outputs video data signal (Vdata) 115 to multiplexer (MUX) 140 andoutputs video data enable signal (VDE) 117 to transmitter data enable(DE) control logic 130. The video data signal 115 may include videocontrol signals such as horizontal sync and vertical sync signals forexample. Auxiliary data source 120 outputs an auxiliary data signal(Adata) 125 and an auxiliary data enable signal (ADE) 127.

The auxiliary data may be text, audio, still images, picture-in-picture,caption, data link configurations, checksum, or other data, for example.The auxiliary data source may be a source that has the auxiliary data,such as a set top box, a computer, a digital video disk (DVD) player, agame console, or a camcorder, for example. In other applications, theauxiliary data source can be located in a peripheral device such as ajoystick, a keyboard, a mouse, or a microphone, for example.

Auxiliary data enable signal (ADE) 127 is sent from auxiliary datasource 120 to transmitter DE out control logic 130. The ADE signal 127provides a separate DE high time during which the auxiliary data signalis sent. A benefit of this ADE high time provided by the ADE signal isthat the ADE signal can be detected by a receiver and distinguished fromthe VDE signal for example by measuring the length of the ADE signal.The receiver can then use the ADE signal to separate the auxiliary datasignal from the composite data signal. Because of the ADE signal, thereceiver does not have to analyze the specific content of thecorresponding received data to determine that the received data isauxiliary data. Similarly, the VDE signal permits the receiver todetermine that the corresponding received data is video data withoutprocessing the video data.

In one embodiment as shown in FIG. 1B, auxiliary data source 120 outputsauxiliary data signal 125 in response to an auxiliary data sourcecontrol signal 180 received from auxiliary data control logic 170.Auxiliary data control logic 170 receives a display properties signal175 that includes information about whether the receiver, or displaydevice, is capable of processing the auxiliary data. If signal 175indicates that the receiver is capable of processing the auxiliary data,then auxiliary data control logic sends an auxiliary data permittedsignal 180 to permit auxiliary data source 120 to output auxiliary datasignal 125 and auxiliary data enable signal 127. If signal 175 does notindicate that the receiver is capable of processing the auxiliary data,then auxiliary data control logic 170 can generate a prevent auxiliarydata signal 180, or not send an auxiliary data permitted signal, toprevent auxiliary data source 120 from outputting ADE signal 127 totransmitter DE out control logic 130. When the transmitter DE outcontrol logic 130 does not receive ADE signal 127, control logic 130will not enable MUX 140 to multiplex auxiliary data signal 125 intocomposite data signal 145.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the auxiliary data signal 125 may be outputdirectly from auxiliary data source 120 to MUX 140. In an alternativeembodiment of transmitter 100 as shown in FIG. 1B, the auxiliary datasignal 125 may be received by packet formatting logic 160. Packetformatting logic 160 may be used to add additional data and data fieldsto a period, or packet, of auxiliary data signal 125 to generate anenhanced auxiliary data signal 126. The additional data may be used forerror detection and error correction.

The logic 160 may add one or more data fields to the auxiliary datapacket, such as a packet length field for example. The logic 160 mayplace data that indicates the length of the auxiliary data packet intothe packet length field. The logic may also add a checksum value fieldcontaining a checksum value to the auxiliary data packet, so that thelength of the received auxiliary data packet can be compared to thechecksum value, to determine whether the received auxiliary data packetcontains an error. One or more error correction fields, which containerror correction data, can also be added to the auxiliary data signal.

The additional data included in the enhanced auxiliary data signal maybe useful because information contained in the auxiliary data may bedata that needs to be processed without error. A video link, because ofits one-way nature, may not include a mechanism for sending an errorcode back to the host side to cause the host to re-transmit theauxiliary data. Therefore the enhanced auxiliary data sent across theDVI link may allow a receiver to detect errors (such as single-biterrors for example), and may also enable the receiver to correct thoseerrors so that the original auxiliary data can be recovered andprocessed.

For example, the auxiliary data may be a command sent from the host tothe display to increase the display brightness one level. If the commandis misinterpreted it may cause the display to become too bright or toodark. In either case, the image on the display may not be visible. Theenhanced auxiliary data can be used to detect and correct the error inthe brightness command auxiliary data. Thus, the image can be displayedat the proper brightness.

Another example is using auxiliary data to coordinate the encryption anddecryption of video signals across the link by sending encryption anddecryption control signals from the host to a receiver. If the receiverfails to decode such a control signal because of an error in thereceived auxiliary data, then the decryption logic in the receiver mayfail to decrypt the encrypted signal, thus preventing the video datafrom being displayed by the receiver. The additional data in theenhanced auxiliary data can be used to detect and correct an error inthe received auxiliary data, so that the received encrypted video signalcan be decrypted using the control signals from the auxiliary datapackets.

As shown in FIG. 1A, video and auxiliary data enable signals 117 and 127received by transmitter DE out control logic 130 are combined into acomposite DE (CDE) signal 147. The CDE signal 147 is then sent fromtransmitter DE out control logic 130 to encoder 150. Additionally,transmitter DE out control logic 130 causes the MUX 140 to selectivelysend the video data signal or the auxiliary data signal to encoder 150by using video and auxiliary data enable signals 117 and 127 to producemultiplexer control signal 121. Thus, control logic 130 controls theoutput of MUX 140 by sending multiplexer control signal 121 to the MUX140. The multiplexer control signal 121 received by MUX 140 is used toenable the MUX to combine video data signal 115 and auxiliary datasignal 125 into a composite data signal (Cdata) 145. The output of MUX140 is the composite data signal 145 containing video and auxiliary datathat are combined, for example in the time domain, onto the same signalpath.

Encoder 150 receives the composite data signal 145 and the compositedata enable signal 147, encodes the data signal and the data enablesignal to form an encoded data signal, and outputs encoded data signal155. Data signal 155 may be sent to a receiver that provides horizontalor vertical blanking time. The receiver may be a TMDS receiver thatincludes a display interface. The transmitter, or host side, may createadditional DE high periods in which to encode the auxiliary data. Theseauxiliary data periods may use the entire data bus width (such as 24bits for example) to transport auxiliary data. The auxiliary dataperiods may have a distinctive feature, such as a shorter length forexample, from the video DE high periods, so that the TMDS receiver anddisplay system may properly process the auxiliary data. For example, thereceiver may process the auxiliary data by stripping the auxiliary dataaway from the composite data signal.

FIG. 2 shows examples of the signals, including auxiliary data periodsand auxiliary data signals, that may be processed by transmitter 100.Video data is transmitted on signal 115 during video data period 210,when the video data enable signal 117 is high. A video blanking period220 occurs when the data enable signal 117 is low. Auxiliary data istransmitted on signal 125 during auxiliary data period 230, when theauxiliary data enable signal 127 is high. The two data signals, videodata signal 115 and auxiliary data signal 125, are combined to formcomposite data signal 145. The video data enable signal 117 and theauxiliary data enable signal 127 are combined to form composite dataenable signal 147. Because the video data period 210 is significantlylonger than the auxiliary data period 230, and the auxiliary data period230 is smaller than the video blanking period 210, the auxiliary datacan be inserted into and removed from the multiplexed composite datasignal 145 without the need for auxiliary control signals.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of signals that may be processed bytransmitter 100. In this embodiment, auxiliary data signal 125 ispre-pended onto video data signal 115 to form composite data signal 145.Thus, the auxiliary data signal is merged with the video data signal asa series of extra cycles at the leading edge of each video data period.Similarly, the auxiliary data enable signal 127 is pre-pended onto videodata enable signal 117 to form composite data enable signal 147. In analternative embodiment, the auxiliary data may be appended to thetrailing edge of each video data period to form a composite data signal.The auxiliary data enable signal may be appended onto the video dataenable signal to form a composite data enable signal. The auxiliary dataand the auxiliary data enable signal may be transmitted during a part ofvideo blanking period 220.

FIG. 4A shows a block diagram of one embodiment of a receiver 400 toreceive composite data signal 155, which may include auxiliary data on aTMDS data stream. The receiver may be located in a device such as acomputer display monitor, television, or projector for example. Thereceiver indicates that it can strip auxiliary data, and may specify themaximum width of each auxiliary period to transmitter 100, using displayproperties device 405. For example, one or more capability fields in amonitor descriptor block of extended display identification data (EDID)may be stored in a memory, such as a programmable read-only memory(PROM) in device 405. The display properties data may be stored in thePROM using a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) standardsuch as EDID 1.2 or 1.3 for example. The fields may be used to indicatethe capability to process auxiliary data. The capability fields may alsoindicate the allowable width of the auxiliary DE periods, or simply thatsuch periods are allowed and the width is encoded in the period itself.EDID 1.2 or 1.3 can be used to list the timing modes supported by thedisplay. The host side may limit its output of data to those modes. Inaddition, EDID may encode other feature bits to indicate the type ofauxiliary features it supports.

For example, a 128-byte EDID may allow space for four detailed timingdescriptors. Additional descriptors may be loaded into PROM above 128bytes if enough memory space is available in the PROM. A resolution maybe defined for each possible host-side graphics resolution, or mode,which also allows merging of the auxiliary data signal onto the videodata signal. For example, to support ten established graphics modes, 10graphics descriptors may be defined. Alternatively, only a subset of allthe graphics modes may be used to support auxiliary data.

In one embodiment, an explicit indication of the capability to processauxiliary data allows the host to transmit the auxiliary data in acomposite data signal format. Because the capability fields may not beexpected or supported by legacy system transmitters, these fields may beignored by legacy system transmitters. Also, a modification to existingnon-auxiliary data capable receivers can allow them to automaticallystrip off a received DE pulse that has a duration that is shorter than aspecified limit. The limit may be stored in a register and may beshorter than a valid video mode line length.

According to VESA standards for receivers such as DVI 1.0 displaydevices, the transmitter may send a query to the receiver when thetransmitter is turned on, or when the transmitter detects that areceiver has been physically connected to the transmitter where therehad previously been no connection between the transmitter and receiver,such as a hot plug detection, for example. The receiver responds to thequery from the transmitter by sending display properties data to thetransmitter. The display properties data may indicate the capabilitiesof the display subsystem of the receiver, according to design features.The query and the response may be transmitted using display data channel(DDC) protocol and inter-IC (I2C) bus signal timings, for example.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the display properties data may be transmitted tothe transmitter side by display properties indicator on signal 175,which is sent by indicator 405 to the transmitter, so that thetransmitter has information about the features of the display on thereceiver side, and does not transmit data that the receiver is not ableto process. Therefore, if the transmitter does not receive informationfrom the receiver's display properties device indicating that thereceiver can process auxiliary data, the transmitter, or host, may nottransmit the auxiliary data to the receiver. Alternatively, the receivermay determine that the display subsystem cannot process the auxiliarydata. In this embodiment, the host may transmit the auxiliary data on acomposite data signal. However, receiver may detect the auxiliary data,separate the auxiliary data from the composite data signal using decoder410, control logic 420, and demultiplexer 430 as discussed below, andthen not send the auxiliary data to a auxiliary data sink. Thus, becausethe display subsystem cannot process the auxiliary data, the receiverdoes not further process or use the auxiliary data after the auxiliarydata is removed from the composite data signal.

The encoded data signal 155 is decoded by the decoder 410, which passesthe decoded composite data enable signal 447 to the receiver DE OutControl Logic block 420, and the decoded composite data signal 445 tothe demultiplexer (DEMUX) 430. The receiver DE Out Control Logic 420separates the decoded video DE signal from the decoded auxiliary DEsignal and outputs video and auxiliary DE signals 417 and 427 to thevideo data sink 440 and auxiliary data sink 450, respectively. The DEOut Control Logic 420 also outputs a demultiplexer control signal 421 tocontrol the DEMUX 430, so that the DEMUX outputs video data 415 fromcomposite data signal 445 to the video data sink 440, and outputsauxiliary data 425 from composite signal 445 to auxiliary data sink 450.

If the VDE and ADE pulses of CDE 147 are separated by a discrete amountof time as shown in FIG. 2, the DE Out Control Logic 420 can detect thedifference between video data and auxiliary data by measuring each DEperiod in the composite data enable signal 447. If the ADE pulses areshorter than the VDE pulses, the receiver can distinguish the auxiliarydata periods from the video data periods by measuring the width orduration (such as number of clock cycles that the DE signal is high forexample) of each pulse in the CDE signal. The shorter DE pulses can thenbe identified as ADE pulses, and the longer pulses can be identified asVDE pulses, by the receiver. By storing the decoded data signal in atemporary buffer as shown in FIG. 6, the receiver can determine if thedata signal is auxiliary data or video data based on the length of thecorresponding data enable signal. The shorter, non-overlapping auxiliaryperiods are separated from the composite signal to form auxiliary dataoutput stream 425. The remaining video periods form video data outputstream 415.

If the ADE is pre-pended onto the VDE to form CDE 147, and the auxiliarydata signal is pre-pended onto the video data signal to form compositedata signal 145 as shown in FIG. 3, the receiver may detect the presenceof the pre-pended auxiliary data by measuring the width of a CDE pulse.The width can be measured by counting the number of clock cycles duringwhich the CDE pulse is high. If the width of the CDE pulse does notmatch the width of a VDE pulse corresponding to one of a set ofsupported video modes for that display device, then the extra cycles ofhigh time within the CDE pulse that go beyond the high time of asupported VDE pulse are interpreted as an auxiliary DE signal. Thecorresponding data from composite data signal 145 can be identified asauxiliary data and stripped off of the composite data signal. Thisleaves the video data, with the corresponding VDE signal, to be outputto the display, while the auxiliary data (and ADE) are output from thereceiver to the auxiliary data sink on a separate path.

Before the transmitter pre-pends the auxiliary data signal onto thevideo data signal, the display device indicates to the transmittingdevice the set of video modes the display device supports, as part ofthe normal initialization process as defined, for example, in the DVI1.0 specification, using signal 175 as discussed above. When thetransmitter sends auxiliary data pre-pended to the video data in one ofthese supported video modes, the transmitter does not generate a CDEsignal that matches the duration of one of the other video modes. If itwere to do so, the receiver may misinterpret the composite data signalas a video signal in a mistaken video mode. For example, if the receiversupports two video modes with active times of 1024 and 1280 clocks,respectively, then the transmitter may pre-pend auxiliary data to avideo mode of 1024 clocks, yet not construct a signal which is 1280clocks in width.

The data enable signals permit the receiver to separate the video datasignal from the auxiliary data signal. The video data enable signalpermits the receiver to determine the length of the video data period,and consequently the length of the video blanking period. Furthermore,the auxiliary data enable signal permits the receiver to identify thelength of the auxiliary data period within the video blanking period.Therefore, the receiver can identify and process the auxiliary datausing one or both of the data enable signals even if the length of theblanking period is unpredictable, and does not occur at regular,periodic intervals. Also, the receiver can process and output theauxiliary data using one or both of the data enable signals even if thevideo signal or a control signal, such as Hsync for example, iserroneous.

Furthermore, the receiver can distinguish the auxiliary data from thevideo data by determining whether the corresponding data enable signalis an ADE signal or a VDE signal. Therefore, the receiver does not needto analyze the data signal itself to determine whether the received datais video or auxiliary data. The receiver can make this determinationbased on the length of the corresponding data enable signal. Thereceiver may detect the auxiliary data periods, or packets, in thereceived data signal and divert the corresponding auxiliary data to asecondary output stream, leaving the video data intact on a primary, orvideo, output stream of data. Because the auxiliary data period can beidentified by the ADE signal, additional data such as control data forexample, can be transmitted during the remaining unused portion of thevideo blanking period. The receiver can distinguish the auxiliary datafrom the additional data using the ADE signal.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4B, the auxiliary data signal 425 issent from demux 430 and received by error detect and correct logic 460.If the auxiliary data includes error detection data, the logic 460 maydetermine whether the received auxiliary data is erroneous. In oneembodiment, if the auxiliary data is erroneous, the receiver may not usethe erroneous auxiliary data. In one embodiment, if the auxiliary dataincludes error correction data, and the logic 460 includes errorcorrection logic, the logic 460 may correct the received auxiliary dataand output error corrected auxiliary data (EAdata) 426 to auxiliary datasink 450.

FIG. 5 shows examples of signals that may be processed by receiver 400discussed above. Auxiliary data 425 may be removed from the compositedata signal 445 without the need for auxiliary control signals. Thebandwidth available for auxiliary data may be calculated from the lowtimes of the VDE signal 417. No auxiliary control signals are needed asinputs to the decoder. The decoding system may be able to distinguishbetween video data 415 and auxiliary data 425 by measuring the width ofeach data pulse. Because the width of each video data pulse is largerthan the width of each auxiliary data pulse, the auxiliary data can bedemultiplexed from composite signal 445 to output auxiliary data signal425 to an auxiliary data sink and to output video data signal 415 to avideo data sink using decoder 400 as discussed above. The correspondingauxiliary data enable signal 427 and video data enable signal 417 cansimilarly be demultiplexed from composite data enable signal 447. Theauxiliary data periods may be inserted in the video blanking period,even at times which are not repeated at the same clock count in everyVDE low period. That is, the auxiliary data periods do not have to beperiodic or predictable. For example, the location of Asetup period 510within the video blanking period need not match that of Asetup period520.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a receiver 600 that includes buffers toenable the receiver to distinguish video data from auxiliary data. Theauxiliary data periods may follow one another within a few clock cycles.Decoder 410 receives encoded signal 155 and outputs decoded compositesignal 445 and decoded composite data enable signal 447. Compositesignal 445 is received by multiplexer 610 and is routed to buffer 620 orbuffer 630, or to both buffers. Each buffer may be a first-in, first-out(FIFO) buffer, for example. Buffer 630 may be able to store less datathan buffer 620. In one embodiment, buffer 630 may be able to store datafrom one auxiliary data period. Thus, if a data period ends beforebuffer 630 is full, then the data period is an auxiliary data period.Control logic 420 causes demux 430 to route the auxiliary data frombuffer 630 to auxiliary data sink 450 using control signal 421.

If the buffer 630 becomes full before the data period ends, then thedata period is a video data period, and buffer 620 stores the data fromthe video period. A full signal is sent from buffer 630 to control logic420, indicating that buffer 630 is full and the data period is a videodata period. Control logic 420 then sends a control signal 421 to demux430 that causes the demux to route the video data from buffer 620 tovideo data sink 440. The buffer 620 may introduce a pipeline delay inthe Cdata-to-Vdata signal path according to the depth of the buffer.This pipeline delay may not be a problem, because the DE andsynchronization (sync) signals for the video data can also be delayed bythe same number of clock cycles.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a transmitter 700 that allows retiming ofthe auxiliary data. Video data is received from video data source 110.Auxiliary data is received from auxiliary data source 120. If theauxiliary data and the video data are received at the same time, thenthe auxiliary data can be delayed by the transmitter auxiliary dataretiming block 760, which may be a buffer for example, until there is abreak in the reception of video data. The break, or video blankingperiod, may be detected by monitoring the video data enable (VDE) signal117 for example. The auxiliary data may be clocked into the retimingblock 760 with the auxiliary clock signal (ACLK) 728 and clocked out ofthe retiming block with the video clock signal (VCLK) 718.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a receiver 800 that allows retiming of theauxiliary data. If the auxiliary data needs to be output to auxiliarydata sink 450 at the same time that video data is output to video datasink 440, then the auxiliary data can be delayed by the receiverretiming block 860, which may be a buffer for example, so that theauxiliary data can be output at the appropriate time. For example, theVDE signal may be monitored to detect a video blanking period, and theauxiliary data may then be output during the video blanking period.

The auxiliary data may be audio data for example. In one embodiment, theauxiliary data may also include a checksum or other integrity field. Forexample, certain kinds of data, such as “command type” data for example,may need to be accurately captured. Thus, error detection andcorrection, such as a checksum for example, can be sent in the auxiliarydata packet to increase the accuracy of the data transferred from thetransmitter to the receiver. The error detection and correction processmay use additional logic or parallel bits added to the auxiliary datafield. Thus, errors can be detected and corrected so thatre-transmission of the data is not needed. Eliminating or reducingre-transmission may be desired because re-transmission may not be easyin a TMDS link. For example, the TMDS system may not include asynchronized reverse channel to indicate errors in originaltransmission.

The auxiliary data packet may be formatted as shown in FIG. 9. Errordetection data may be included in the packet. For example, a value forthe length of the packet is included in the packet, for example byplacing a packet length data field at the beginning of the packet, andinserting the packet length data into the field. This length data may berepresented as “length of packet minus one,” which may simplify thelogic. The error detection data may also include a checksum data field,which may be placed at the end of the packet, for example. Checksum datais placed in the checksum data field. The length data and the checksumdata may be used to determine whether the received auxiliary data packetis erroneous. In another embodiment, the auxiliary data packet may notcontain an error detection data field. An error in the receivedauxiliary data may be detected by determining the length of theauxiliary data packet, for example by monitoring the rising edge andfalling edge of the auxiliary data enable signal, and comparing thedetermined length with a stored packet length limit value. Othersuitable methods of error detection may also be used.

Error correction can be performed by including extra bits in the streamof data information. Thus, each packet may also include error correctiondata. For example, an error correction data field may be placed at theend of the auxiliary data packet, and the error correction data, such asextra bits, may be placed into the error correction data field. Theseextra bits of error correction data may be set or cleared in a mannerdependent on the states of the auxiliary data bits. The presence andlocation of an erroneous bit may be revealed by the united value of theerror correction and auxiliary data bits. Thus, an erroneous bit may bedetected and corrected (i.e., set to the opposite state) by thisprocedure. Other suitable methods of error correction may also be used.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a process for determining whether areceived auxiliary data packet contains an error. A DE high period isdetected, 1010. The packet length is saved, the checksum calculation isinitialized and the buffer pointer is reset to the beginning of thebuffer, 1020. Whether the DE period is high or low is determined, 1025.If the DE period becomes low before the end of the packet is received,the received data stored in the buffer may be dumped, 1027. Otherwise,whether the packet length is greater than one is determined, 1030. Ifthe length is greater than one, a packet data value is loaded into thebuffer, the length is decremented by one, and the checksum calculationis updated, 1040. If the length is not greater than 1, the last datavalue is the expected checksum, which is stored, 1050. The storedchecksum value is compared to the checksum calculation value todetermine whether the values match, 1060. If the values match then thedata stored in the buffer can be clocked out (on subsequent clocks, oreven asynchronously with a separate clock) to a data sink until thebuffer is empty, 1070. If the checksum values do not match then the datain the buffer may be corrupted and is dumped as unused data, 1080.

The process may allow multiple auxiliary data packets to follow oneanother between normal video data periods. The process may be enhancedto allow an auxiliary packet to be transmitted during multiple ADE highperiods, allowing one packet length and one checksum value. Loading datainto the buffer is interrupted when ADE is low. The auxiliary data canbe transmitted during a portion of the unused VDE period. Auxiliary datamay be audio data, brightness data used in display logic, or commanddata (which may need error-detection and correction to preventmisunderstood commands) which change the logic states in the overalldisplay logic (such as commanding a microcontroller in the display).

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of a process for receiving andprocessing auxiliary data. A capability to process auxiliary data isindicated, 1110. An encoded data signal is received, 1120. The receiveddata signal is decoded into a composite data signal and a composite dataenable signal, 1130. A control signal is generated from the compositedata enable signal, 1140. The composite data signal is separated into avideo data signal and an auxiliary data signal using the control signal,1150. Whether the auxiliary data signal has an error is determined,1160. Whether the auxiliary data signal contains an error may bedetermined by comparing an auxiliary data length value in an auxiliarylength data field of the auxiliary signal to the actual length of thereceived auxiliary data signal. If the auxiliary data length value isnot equal to the actual length of the received auxiliary data signal,then the received signal contains an error. The error in the auxiliarydata signal is corrected, 1170.

By integrating the error detection and correction into the auxiliarydata as described above to enhance the auxiliary data, and bytransmitting the enhanced auxiliary data on the TMDS data signal, theerror detection and correction data is transmitted at the same rate asthe video data. Thus, the error detection and correction performance ofthe system is not limited by the processing power of the hosttransmitter. The system also does not need to add additional signals tothe existing video interface to perform error detection and correction,nor does the system require additional cables to provide a communicationchannel from receiver to host (a “back channel”). Also, the system doesnot require additional error detection or correction logic outside ofthe transmitter, receiver and TMDS link.

As discussed above, sending data over a high-speed digital communicationlink, such as a video link, may involve the encoding of data. An exampleof encoding is transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS). Thedigital visual interface (DVI) specification, which is based on TMDS, isa standard for a digital display serial communication link. In oneembodiment, a TMDS transmission system includes more than one encoderand each encoder encodes 8-bits of a video data signal, one or more dataenable (DE) signals, and 2 bits of control signals. These signals aretransmitted over four pairs of signal wires. One pair sends clocksignals, the other three pairs send data signals. The three data pairssend video data, auxiliary data, and special characters. The specialcharacters represent control signals and the DE signals. The three datapairs may be termed channels 0, 1, and 2.

The TMDS transmitter can encode the video data, auxiliary data, and thespecial characters as DC-balanced encoded data. The auxiliary data canthen be transmitted along with the video data and special characterswithin the serialized data stream and received by a display device. In aTMDS link the control signals, such as the Hsync and Vsync signals, areencoded onto the data stream in the video blanking period if the DEsignal remains low. Auxiliary data can be inserted at a location in theblanking period of the data stream as long as the location does notcoincide with a location of a control signal. Therefore, the auxiliarydata can be transmitted on the data stream when there is no video dataor video control signals, such as Vsync or Hsync, being transmitted onthe data stream. Alternatively, the control signals such as the Vsyncand Hsync signals, can be transmitted within the auxiliary data signal.For example, if the transmitter identifies or determines by measurementthe location of the Hsync and Vsync signals, the transmitter can sendcontrol signal descriptor data to the receiver by adding this descriptordata to the auxiliary data signal. Thus, by using the descriptor data,the receiver can reconstruct the control signals, such as the Hsync andVsync signals, without the control signals being explicitly transmittedand received on the encoded serial link. The video signal stream can beseparated from the control signal stream using a DE signal. Also, thevideo data stream can be separated from the auxiliary data stream usinga DE signal. Thus, the auxiliary data may be sent from a transmitter toa receiver, such as a display, on the TMDS data stream without affectingthe video or control signals.

These and other embodiments of the present invention may be realized inaccordance with the teachings described herein and it should be evidentthat various modifications and changes may be made in the teachingswithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention.The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than restrictive sense and the invention measuredonly in terms of the claims.

1. A method comprising: generating a control signal from a compositedata enable signal; and separating a composite data signal into a videodata signal and an auxiliary data signal based on a duration of thecontrol signal wherein the auxiliary data signal is one of appended atan end of the video data signal and pre-pended to a beginning of thevideo data signal to form the composite data enable signal.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 further comprising: indicating a device to process thecomposite data signal.
 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:receiving an encoded data signal; and decoding the encoded data signalinto the composite data enable signal and the composite data signal. 4.The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining whether theauxiliary data signal contains an error.
 5. The method of claim 4wherein the auxiliary data signal contains an error, further comprising:correcting the error in the auxiliary data signal.
 6. An apparatuscomprising: a control device to generate a control signal from acomposite data enable signal; and a demultiplexor to separate acomposite data signal into a video data signal and an auxiliary datasignal based on a duration of the control signal wherein the auxiliarydata signal is one of appended at an end of the video data signal andpre-pended to a beginning of the video data signal to form the compositedata enable signal.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising: anindicator to indicate a capability to process the composite data signal.8. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising: a decoder to receive anencoded data signal, and to decode the received data signal into thecomposite data enable signal and the composite data signal.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 6 further comprising: an error detector to determinewhether the auxiliary data signal contains an error.
 10. The apparatusof claim 9, further comprising: an error corrector to correct an errorin the auxiliary data signal.
 11. A method comprising: generating acontrol signal from a video data enable signal and an auxiliary dataenable signal; and combining an auxiliary data signal and a video datasignal into a composite data signal based on a duration of the controlsignal wherein the auxiliary data signal is one of appended at an end ofthe video data signal and pre-pended to a beginning of the video datasignal to form the composite data enable signal.
 12. The method of claim11 further comprising: receiving an indication signal to indicate acapability to process the auxiliary data signal; and generating anauxiliary data permitted signal to permit the auxiliary data signal tobe combined with the video data signal in response to the indicationsignal.
 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising: generating acomposite data enable signal from the video data enable signal and theauxiliary data enable signal; encoding the composite data signal and thecomposite data enable signal into an encoded data signal; andtransmitting the encoded data signal.
 14. The method of claim 11 furthercomprising: adding error detection data to the auxiliary data signal.15. The method of claim 14 further comprising: adding error correctiondata to the auxiliary data signal.
 16. A transmitter for transmittingvideo data and auxiliary data comprising: a transmitter control logicdevice having an input to receive an auxiliary data enable signal and aninput to receive a video data enable signal, the transmitter controllogic device to generate a control signal using the auxiliary dataenable signal and the video data enable signal, and to combine theauxiliary data enable signal and the video data enable signal into acomposite data enable signal wherein the composite data enable signal isformed such that the auxiliary data enable signal is one of appended toan end of the video data enable signal and pre-pended to a beginning ofthe video data enable signal; a multiplexer having an input to receivean auxiliary data signal, an input to receive a video data signal, andan input to receive the control signal from the transmitter controllogic device, the multiplexer to combine the auxiliary data signal andthe video data signal into a composite data signal in response to thecontrol signal wherein the composite data signal is formed such that theauxiliary data signal is one of appended to an end of the video datasignal and pre-pended to a beginning of the video data signal; and apacket formatting logic device having an input to receive the auxiliarydata signal, the packet formatting logic device to format the auxiliarydata signal to include error detection and correction and to output theauxiliary data signal including the error detection and correction datato the multiplexer.
 17. The transmitter of claim 16 further comprising:an encoder having an input to receive the composite data enable signaland an input to receive the composite data signal, the encoder to encodethe composite data enable signal and the composite data signal into anencoded data signal and to transmit the encoded data signal.
 18. Thetransmitter of claim 16 further comprising: an auxiliary data controllogic device having an input to receive a display property signalindicating that auxiliary data can be processed, the auxiliary datacontrol logic device to generate an auxiliary control signal in responseto the display property signal, the auxiliary control signal to controlthe reception of the auxiliary data enable signal by the transmittercontrol logic device or to control the reception of the auxiliary datasignal by the multiplexer.
 19. A receiver for receiving video data andauxiliary data comprising: a receiver control logic device having aninput to receive a composite data enable signal, the receiver controllogic device to separate the composite data enable signal into anauxiliary data enable signal and a video data enable signal, and togenerate a control signal using the composite data enable signal whereinthe composite data enable signal is formed such that the auxiliary dataenable signal is one of appended to an end of the video data enablesignal and pre-pended to a beginning of the video data enable signal;and a demultiplexer having an input to receive a composite data signaland an input to receive the control signal from the receiver controllogic device, the demultiplexer to separate the composite data signalinto an auxiliary data signal and a video data signal based on thecontrol signal duration wherein the composite data signal is formed suchthat the auxiliary data signal is one of appended to an end of the videodata signal or pre-pended to a beginning of the video data signal. 20.The receiver of claim 19 further comprising: a decoder having an inputto receive an encoded data signal, the decoder to decode the encodeddata signal into a composite data signal and a composite data enablesignal.
 21. The receiver of claim 19 further comprising: a displayproperty device to output a display property signal to indicate that thereceiver can process auxiliary data.
 22. The receiver of claim 19further comprising: an error detection and correction logic devicehaving an input to receive the auxiliary data signal from thedemultiplexer, to determine whether the auxiliary data signal containsan error, and if the auxiliary data signal contains an error, to correctthe error.